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Society and the state

How communities form, hold together and fall apart.

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The AeneidVirgil · 29-19 BCEOn 9 lists The PrinceNiccolò Machiavelli · 1513On 9 lists LeviathanThomas Hobbes · 1651On 9 lists Discourse on the Origin of InequalityJean-Jacques Rousseau · 1755On 9 lists The HistoriesHerodotus · c. 430 BCEOn 8 lists The RepublicPlato · c. 375 BCEOn 8 lists The Wealth of NationsAdam Smith · 1776On 8 lists Democracy in AmericaAlexis de Tocqueville · 1835-1840On 8 lists History of the Peloponnesian WarThucydides · c. 431-400 BCEOn 7 lists Lives of the Noble Grecians and RomansPlutarch · c. 100-120On 7 lists Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes · 1605-1615On 7 lists Second Treatise of GovernmentJohn Locke · 1689On 7 lists The Constitution of the United StatesAnonymous · 1787On 7 lists The Communist ManifestoKarl Marx · 1848On 7 lists CapitalKarl Marx · 1867On 7 lists The OresteiaAeschylus · 458 BCEOn 6 lists CritoPlato · c. 395 BCEOn 6 lists PoliticsAristotle · c. 335 BCEOn 6 lists The City of GodAugustine · 413-426On 6 lists The Canterbury TalesGeoffrey Chaucer · c. 1387-1400On 6 lists The Social ContractJean-Jacques Rousseau · 1762On 6 lists The Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson · 1776On 6 lists AnnalsTacitus · c. 115-120On 5 lists Discourses on the First Ten Books of LivyNiccolò Machiavelli · c. 1513On 5 lists Gulliver's TravelsJonathan Swift · 1726On 5 lists The Federalist PapersAlexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay · 1787-1788On 5 lists On LibertyJohn Stuart Mill · 1859On 5 lists MiddlemarchGeorge Eliot · 1871-1872On 5 lists The CloudsAristophanes · 423 BCEOn 4 lists Adventures of Huckleberry FinnMark Twain · 1884-1885On 4 lists The Souls of Black FolkW. E. B. Du Bois · 1903On 4 lists Civilization and Its DiscontentsSigmund Freud · 1930On 4 lists The Second SexSimone de Beauvoir · 1949On 4 lists ExodusThe Bible · c. 7th c. BCEOn 3 lists The EumenidesAeschylus · 458 BCEOn 3 lists The BirdsAristophanes · 414 BCEOn 3 lists The FrogsAristophanes · 405 BCEOn 3 lists On DutiesCicero · 44 BCEOn 3 lists History of RomeLivy · 20 BCEOn 3 lists The Praise of FollyDesiderius Erasmus · 1511On 3 lists UtopiaThomas More · 1516On 3 lists Concerning Governmental AuthorityMartin Luther · 1523On 3 lists Institutes of the Christian ReligionJohn Calvin · 1536On 3 lists Richard IIWilliam Shakespeare · c. 1595On 3 lists Henry IV, Part 1William Shakespeare · c. 1596-1597On 3 lists New AtlantisFrancis Bacon · 1627On 3 lists CandideVoltaire · 1759On 3 lists The Decline and Fall of the Roman EmpireEdward Gibbon · 1776-1789On 3 lists Lectures on the Philosophy of HistoryG. W. F. Hegel · 1822On 3 lists Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844Karl Marx · 1844On 3 lists DeuteronomyThe Bible · c. 7th c. BCEOn 2 lists LysistrataAristophanes · 411 BCEOn 2 lists The Sayings of ConfuciusConfucius · c. 5th c. BCEOn 2 lists The First Epistle of Paul to the CorinthiansPaul the Apostle · c. 53-55 CEOn 2 lists The Acts of the ApostlesAnonymous · c. 80-100 CEOn 2 lists HistoriesTacitus · c. 105-110On 2 lists The Qur'anAnonymous · 610On 2 lists The Story of Hayy ibn YaqzanIbn Tufayl · c. 1160-1185On 2 lists Julius CaesarWilliam Shakespeare · 1599On 2 lists EssaysFrancis Bacon · 1597-1625On 2 lists The MisanthropeMolière · 1666On 2 lists A Letter Concerning TolerationJohn Locke · 1689On 2 lists Letters on the EnglishVoltaire · 1733On 2 lists The Spirit of the LawsMontesquieu · 1748On 2 lists Discourse on Political EconomyJean-Jacques Rousseau · 1755On 2 lists Articles of ConfederationContinental Congress · 1777On 2 lists Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)French National Assembly · 1789On 2 lists Reflections on the Revolution in FranceEdmund Burke · 1790On 2 lists Life of Samuel JohnsonJames Boswell · 1791On 2 lists A Vindication of the Rights of WomanMary Wollstonecraft · 1792On 2 lists Philosophy of RightG. W. F. Hegel · 1821On 2 lists EssaysRalph Waldo Emerson · 1841 and 1844On 2 lists The German IdeologyKarl Marx · 1845On 2 lists Selected SpeechesFrederick Douglass · 1841-1894On 2 lists The Lincoln-Douglas DebatesAbraham Lincoln · 1858On 2 lists The Gettysburg AddressAbraham Lincoln · 1863On 2 lists New Introductory Lectures on PsychoanalysisSigmund Freud · 1933On 2 lists AmosThe Bible · c. 750 BCEOn 1 list LeviticusThe Bible · c. 6th c. BCEOn 1 list LawsPlato · c. 350 BCEOn 1 list The Athenian ConstitutionAristotle · c. 330 BCEOn 1 list The HistoriesPolybius · c. 150-118 BCEOn 1 list LettersCicero · 68-43 BCEOn 1 list On FriendshipCicero · 44 BCEOn 1 list EcloguesVirgil · c. 39 BCEOn 1 list GeorgicsVirgil · 29 BCEOn 1 list Letter to the GalatiansThe Bible · c. 48-55 CEOn 1 list Moral and Political EssaysSeneca · c. 41-62 CEOn 1 list GermanyTacitus · 98On 1 list LettersPliny the Younger · c. 97-112 CEOn 1 list BeowulfAnonymous · c. 8th c.On 1 list The Attainment of HappinessAl-Farabi · c. 940On 1 list The Political RegimeAl-Farabi · c. 940On 1 list The Lais of Marie de FranceMarie de France · c. 1160-1190On 1 list On KingshipThomas Aquinas · c. 1267On 1 list The Saga of Burnt NjalAnonymous · c. 1280On 1 list On MonarchyDante Alighieri · c. 1312-1318On 1 list The MuqaddimahIbn Khaldun · 1377On 1 list ChroniclesJean Froissart · c. 1370-1400On 1 list Three TreatisesMartin Luther · 1520On 1 list To the Christian Nobility of the German NationMartin Luther · 1520On 1 list Friendly Admonition to Peace Concerning the Twelve Articles of the Swabian PeasantsMartin Luther · 1525On 1 list The Twelve Articles of the Swabian PeasantsSwabian Peasants · 1525On 1 list On the American IndiansFrancisco de Vitoria · 1539On 1 list A Description of Elizabethan EnglandWilliam Harrison · 1577On 1 list Edward the SecondChristopher Marlowe · c. 1592On 1 list Romeo and JulietWilliam Shakespeare · c. 1595On 1 list The Merchant of VeniceWilliam Shakespeare · c. 1596-1597On 1 list Henry IV, Part 2William Shakespeare · c. 1597-1598On 1 list Henry VWilliam Shakespeare · 1599On 1 list Much Ado About NothingWilliam Shakespeare · c. 1598-1599On 1 list The Shoemaker's HolidayThomas Dekker · 1599On 1 list CoriolanusWilliam Shakespeare · c. 1608On 1 list The AlchemistBen Jonson · 1610On 1 list Appeal Concerning the PriestsFelipe Guamán Poma de Ayala · c. 1615On 1 list The Mayflower CompactAnonymous · 1620On 1 list Tractate of EducationJohn Milton · 1644On 1 list The Critique of the School for WivesMolière · 1663On 1 list BéréniceJean Racine · 1670On 1 list Theologico-Political TreatiseBaruch Spinoza · 1670On 1 list The Way of the WorldWilliam Congreve · 1700On 1 list Journal to StellaJonathan Swift · 1710On 1 list The Rape of the LockAlexander Pope · 1712On 1 list Persian LettersMontesquieu · 1721On 1 list A Modest ProposalJonathan Swift · 1729On 1 list Essays, Moral and PoliticalDavid Hume · 1741-1742On 1 list Joseph AndrewsHenry Fielding · 1742On 1 list Tom JonesHenry Fielding · 1749On 1 list The Theory of Moral SentimentsAdam Smith · 1759On 1 list EmileJean-Jacques Rousseau · 1762On 1 list Rameau's NephewDenis Diderot · c. 1761On 1 list London JournalJames Boswell · 1762On 1 list Philosophical DictionaryVoltaire · 1764On 1 list The Deserted VillageOliver Goldsmith · 1770On 1 list The Collected Writings of Samson Occom, MoheganSamson Occom · 1750s-1790sOn 1 list An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and LegislationJeremy Bentham · 1789On 1 list A Vindication of the Rights of MenMary Wollstonecraft · 1790On 1 list The Autobiography of Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin · 1771On 1 list Declaration of the Rights of WomanOlympe de Gouges · 1791On 1 list The Debate between Sieyès and PaineEmmanuel Joseph Sieyès and Thomas Paine · 1791On 1 list Political WritingsNicolas de Condorcet · 1786-1794On 1 list Letters upon the Aesthetic Education of ManFriedrich Schiller · 1795On 1 list A Letter to a Noble LordEdmund Burke · 1796On 1 list Washington's Farewell AddressGeorge Washington · 1796On 1 list Hermann and DorotheaJohann Wolfgang von Goethe · 1797On 1 list The Metaphysics of MoralsImmanuel Kant · 1797On 1 list Haitian Constitution of 1801Toussaint Louverture · 1801On 1 list Supreme Court OpinionsUnited States Supreme Court · 1803-1857On 1 list The Haitian Declaration of IndependenceJean-Jacques Dessalines · 1804On 1 list William TellFriedrich Schiller · 1804On 1 list The 1805 Constitution of HaitiJean-Jacques Dessalines · 1805On 1 list Don JuanLord Byron · 1819-1824On 1 list MachiavelliThomas Babington Macaulay · 1827On 1 list The BetrothedAlessandro Manzoni · 1827On 1 list Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the WorldDavid Walker · 1829On 1 list The Positive PhilosophyAuguste Comte · 1830-1842On 1 list CharacteristicsThomas Carlyle · 1831On 1 list On WarCarl von Clausewitz · 1832On 1 list Père GoriotHonoré de Balzac · 1835On 1 list The Pickwick PapersCharles Dickens · 1836-1837On 1 list Byron and GoetheGiuseppe Mazzini · 1839On 1 list The Voyage of the BeagleCharles Darwin · 1839On 1 list Essay on AlgeriaAlexis de Tocqueville · 1841On 1 list Cousin BetteHonoré de Balzac · 1846On 1 list Civil DisobedienceHenry David Thoreau · 1849On 1 list The Scarlet LetterNathaniel Hawthorne · 1850On 1 list Address to the Legislature of New YorkElizabeth Cady Stanton · 1854On 1 list Hard TimesCharles Dickens · 1854On 1 list The Poetry of the Celtic RacesErnest Renan · 1854On 1 list WaldenHenry David Thoreau · 1854On 1 list Leaves of GrassWalt Whitman · 1855On 1 list English TraitsRalph Waldo Emerson · 1856On 1 list The Old Regime and the RevolutionAlexis de Tocqueville · 1856On 1 list Little DorritCharles Dickens · 1855-1857On 1 list Selected SpeechesAbraham Lincoln · 1838-1865On 1 list Adam BedeGeorge Eliot · 1859On 1 list Considerations on Representative GovernmentJohn Stuart Mill · 1861On 1 list Sesame and LiliesJohn Ruskin · 1865On 1 list The Subjection of WomenJohn Stuart Mill · 1869On 1 list Anna KareninaLeo Tolstoy · 1875-1878On 1 list Rerum NovarumPope Leo XIII · 1891On 1 list Selected SpeechesBooker T. Washington · 1884-1915On 1 list What Is Art?Leo Tolstoy · 1897On 1 list The Theory of the Leisure ClassThorstein Veblen · 1899On 1 list The Life of ReasonGeorge Santayana · 1905-1906On 1 list The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of CapitalismMax Weber · 1904On 1 list Hind Swaraj, or Indian Home RuleMohandas K. Gandhi · 1909On 1 list Thoughts for the Times on War and DeathSigmund Freud · 1915On 1 list Democracy and EducationJohn Dewey · 1916On 1 list The State and RevolutionVladimir Lenin · 1917On 1 list The Waning of the Middle AgesJohan Huizinga · 1919On 1 list The Acquisitive SocietyR. H. Tawney · 1920On 1 list The Souls of White FolkW. E. B. Du Bois · 1910On 1 list Group Psychology and the Analysis of the EgoSigmund Freud · 1921On 1 list UlyssesJames Joyce · 1922On 1 list The Word of God and the Word of ManKarl Barth · 1924On 1 list The Great GatsbyF. Scott Fitzgerald · 1925On 1 list The CastleFranz Kafka · 1926On 1 list A Rose for EmilyWilliam Faulkner · 1930On 1 list The Two Sources of Morality and ReligionHenri Bergson · 1932On 1 list Adventures of IdeasAlfred North Whitehead · 1933On 1 list A Study of HistoryArnold J. Toynbee · 1934-1961On 1 list Annihilation of CasteB. R. Ambedkar · 1936On 1 list The General Theory of Employment, Interest and MoneyJohn Maynard Keynes · 1936On 1 list True HumanismJacques Maritain · 1936On 1 list Mother Courage and Her ChildrenBertolt Brecht · 1939On 1 list The Rights of Man and Natural LawJacques Maritain · 1942On 1 list Animal FarmGeorge Orwell · 1945On 1 list Essays in SociologyMax Weber · 1906On 1 list Civilization on TrialArnold J. Toynbee · 1948On 1 list The Origins of TotalitarianismHannah Arendt · 1951On 1 list Invisible ManRalph Ellison · 1952On 1 list The Long LonelinessDorothy Day · 1952On 1 list Structural AnthropologyClaude Lévi-Strauss · 1958On 1 list The Wretched of the EarthFrantz Fanon · 1961On 1 list Letter from Birmingham JailMartin Luther King Jr. · 1963On 1 list Crises of the RepublicHannah Arendt · 1972On 1 list Discipline and PunishMichel Foucault · 1975On 1 list A Black Feminist StatementCombahee River Collective · 1977On 1 list Slavery, Race, and Ideology in the United States of AmericaBarbara J. Fields · 1990On 1 list CitizenClaudia Rankine · 2014On 1 list An Ecomodernist ManifestoJohn Asafu-Adjaye et al. · 2015On 1 list Is It Colonial Déjà Vu? Indigenous Peoples and Climate InjusticeKyle Powys Whyte · 2017On 1 list De-Growth vs. a Green New DealRobert Pollin · 2018On 1 list Degrowth: A DefenceMark Burton and Peter Somerville · 2019On 1 list Slow Down: The Degrowth ManifestoKohei Saito · 2020On 1 list